Tentudía MONASTERY
PROTOHISTORY
The ancient site identified cosmographers Calera de León as the old Curig, cited by Pliny among populations the Beturia Celtic. Pliny himself was later claimed that the population Curig Ucultuniacum of the Romans. In the "Summary of antique Roman" Cea Bermudez says Pliny's assertion is proven by inscriptions found in Roman ruins.
The polygraph Tarancón of Valencia, in his "Notes on a study of the Iberian people" said that this land was settled tribes Ies , ascendants of the Iberians, noting that the mount was called Tentudía Ida , which meant Iberian "ara of water" element that these tribes worshiped. The same author also analyzes the word Ardila, named after the river which rises in the foothills of the mountain, meaning "water of the altars."
Other authors state that comes from the Arabic Tudi Atutía by mineral composed of zinc oxide that existed in the mountains. During the Arab domination of Calera population called Al-Caxera , I wanted to say "white", probably due to the abundance of limestone in these areas. For this area have found many Muslim tombs.
In the thirteenth century during the Reconquista , place was won from the Moors by the Master of the Order Santiago Pérez Correa Pelay , whom the king Fernando III the Saint commissioned during the siege of Seville, attacking with an army Saracen hosts located within the confines of Lower Extremadura and foothills of Sierra Morena. After winning several seats, took the place of " La Calera " and was preparing to go to the Andalusian city. So legend has it that the Christians try to pass these mountains, they prevented the passage that Muslim army stationed in the mountains and in the maze of roads. Raised the battle, the fighting was fierce and the victory appeared difficult.
Master Viewing the night is coming over undecided battle, cried out to heaven for what they bowed the knee to the ground shouted "Santa Maria, stop your day" grace granted Virgin , stopping the sun in his career on the horizon and extending the sunset as long as was necessary for Christians to achieve victory.
In memory of this fact, the master ordered to be built atop the highest mountain temple which he placed under the patronage of St. Mary of Tentudía
HISTORY
Later construction of the temple was created the Vicariate of Tudi , siendo encomienda de la Orden de Santiago . Esta orden tuvo mucha importancia en la reconquista de Extremadura y en pago a ello los reyes le hicieron numerosas donaciones de villas y lugares de la región, constituyéndose la provincia de León, a la que pertenecían territorios de Castilla, León, Extremadura, Sevilla y Huelva; de ahí la toponimia de muchos de los pueblos de esta región. El prior residía en el convento de San Marcos de la ciudad de León.
late fifteenth century work began on the Conventual Santiaguista in the town of Calera Leon. The vicars of Tudi resided in the monastery at the summit or in the Convent of Calera.
Over time, the former temple was extended with adjoining chapels and rooms, adosándosele early sixteenth century
the cloister and its dependencies, was proclaimed in 1514 the monastery by Pope Leo X. Subsequently charged with the execution of an altarpiece for the altar to one of the best artists tile that existed at that time, an Italian living in Seville named Niculoso Pisano.
In the general chapter of Order of Santiago held in 1551, it was agreed that the monastery had a college of humanities, which was the most important of Extremadura and that was in use until the early nineteenth century.
The importance of the Vicariate decays from the first half of the nineteenth century until in 1873 Pope Pius IX's bull suppressed by ecclesiastical jurisdiction in the territories of the military orders, so it was deleted the priory of San Marcos de León and also the vicarage Tudi as an integral part thereof.
In 1985 he was the subject of an unfortunate restoration in order to make youth hostel. It destroyed two altars simple white stucco Tuscan had on both sides of the fence around the apse and were for images of San Marcos and the Virgin of victory.
is currently declared a National Historic Landmark. Several restorations have returned part of its former glory.
ARCHITECTURE
The original work of the thirteenth century was the subject of various modifications and additions in XIV and XVI.
Temple .- It is the oldest and in it we can see traces of its original construction in bursts of arches that give us an idea the basilica that was in origin. The building is made of masonry and stone blocks, looking tough with the embattled eastern region, according to the model of church-fortress own Order of Santiago.
The church consists of a nave and two side chapels of the apse. The ship has a barrel vault and arches, supported by simple whitewashed brick pilasters. The apse, Gothic consists of a pointed arch and vault, with ribs crashed. Possessed a bell now disappeared.
Chapels .- On both sides of the apse of the left. known as the Masters or St. Augustine, that of the right. dedicated to the Apostle Santiago. Moorish style, with square and both covered by brick octagonal dome supported on horns of the same material that solve the problem of going from one to it. Both domes were decorated with fresco painting, now badly damaged.
Faculty .- Moorish style, was built in the second half of the sixteenth century, and has resemblance to the Patio de los Muertos in San Isidoro del Campo and the cloister of La Rabida. With two floors, with brick arches, with four canted arches downstairs and 5 upstairs basket-handle arches, on each surface. The arches on octagonal pillars Sutent, with bases and capitals, also of brick. In the center of the courtyard has a cistern with a parapet.
Throughout the galleries of the cloister are distributed the various rooms, flat roofs covered with simple or vaulting.
outgoing Patio .- Located on the SE corner, also has galleries in both plants, with arches like those of the cloister, the upper in the form of balconies.
Humilladero .- Located 300 m . to the west of the monastery, was a chapel of which still stand today only two remnants of walls. Possessed an altarpiece depicting the master tile Pelay Pérez kneeling before Heaven. They say it was the place where invoked the Virgin in the battle against the Saracens.
ART
; Gate of the apse .- De Plateresque was conducted in 1640.
Image Virgin Tentudía .- chairs the altar. The current size of the so-called " candlestick "is the eighteenth century. Replaced the old XIII century, which was polychrome alabaster, which faded known when he did, and his whereabouts.
altarpiece .- Made 1518 by Niculoso Pisano, mixing Moorish and Renaissance styles. Some consider it one of the masterpieces of ceramics English. Has 3.40 m . high by 2.65 m . wide and consists of 640 pieces, divided into three blocks. In the middle of the main street appears a canopy supported by two angels, framed by a tree representation of Jesse, with figures of prophets and kings of Judea, explaining the genealogy of the Virgin and Jesus, is topped by the statue of Mary and Child.
Va
Va
top section with a picture of the ordeal with the Virgin and San Juan on the sides.
Street the left. has three tables with the representation of the arrest of Perez Pelay sun, nativity Virgin and announcing, while the three right-hand street. represent three knights of the Order of Santiago, the assumption-coronation and presentation-purification of Mary.
Frame every set a border decorated with Renaissance: grotesques and escutcheons with fantastic creatures , leaves and arabesques.
The upper and lower bands, accompanied by little angels, dolphins and scrolls. Sidebands, chandeliers with bucráneos, flanked by cornucopias masks, cherubs, cherubs and cartouches.
The front of the altar, the steps in front of him and the small walls of the chancel also are covered with tiles with octagons and diamonds, alternating with rosettes and acanthus leaves. The upper echelon has the shield of Pope Leo X. It seems that these elements do not hand of Pissano, attributing to Martin and his son Pedro Guijarro , contemporaries of that, there are also parts that could be the work of Pulido or Polido , then laboring the House of Pilate Sevilla.
To the right of the altar is the tomb of the founder, Pelayo Perez, coated with tiles downstream of the altarpiece. attributed to Alonso García , who worked in Seville in the second half of XVI century.
Chapel of St. Augustine .- It has an altar with a panel of tiles with the figure of St. Augustine with miter and crozier in the center, framed by a border of geometric and floral motifs. The front of altar is also tiled with similar motifs and a central cartouche with the figure of St. Catherine of Alexandria. This altarpiece is attributed to the master Alonso García.
In the center of the chapel is a stone tomb with the recumbent statues of Gonzalo Mexia and Fernando Osores , masters of the Order in 1366-1370 and 1370-1382 periods respectively, dressed in their habits and lions at his feet. Under
a lateral arcosolio is the tomb of García Hernández, steward of King Henry II, with a recumbent figure in limestone and a dog at his feet.
Capilla de Santiago .- It also has an altar with a painting of tiles representing Santiago Matamoros, edged with a border of floral motifs. The ornamentation of the altar table is similar to that of the chapel of the Masters, has a center panel with the image of the Immaculate Child. Attributed by some to Cristóbal de Augusta and others Alonso García. It was restored in 1981.
0 comments:
Post a Comment